Relative Clauses

1. Make one sentence from two. Use the appropriate relative pronoun.

• The girl injured in the accident is now in hospital.
• The man who answered the phone told me you were away.
• The waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient.
• The building destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.

2. Put in WHAT or a THAT in the sentences as it corresponds.

• I gave her all the money THAT I had.
• They give their children everything THAT they want.
• Tell me WHAT you want and I’ll try to get it for you.
• Why do you blame me for everything THAT goes wrong?
• I can lend you ten pounds. It’s all THAT I’ve got in my wallet.
• I don’t agree with WHAT you’ve just said.

3. Complete each sentence using WHO / WHOM/ WHOSE / WHERE

• A pacifist is a person WHO believes that all wars are wrong.
• An orphan is a child WHOSE parents are dead-
• The place WHERE we spent our holidays was really beautiful.
• This school is only for children WHOSE first language is not English.
• I don’t know the name of the woman to WHOM I spoke on the phone.

4. Make one sentence using relative pronouns. Decide if the information is necessary or not, i.e. 
defining or non-defining relative clauses?

* The woman living next door is a doctor
* My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a fireman
* The strike at the car factory, which lasted ten days, is now over.
* I’ve found the book I was looking for this morning
* The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling

Exercise on Conditionals

.1   PLACE THE SENTENCES UNDER THE CORRECT HEADING

ZERO CONDITIONAL	FIRST CONDITIONAL	SECOND CONDITIONAL

a.      He would be angry if he found out.

b.      We´ll miss the train if we don´t hurry.

c.       If you go the shops, get me some coffee.

d.      It would cost less if you took the train.

e.      When he gets angry, he never says sorry.

f.        If it gets warm, it melts.

g.      We´d buy it if we had enough money.

h.      If he sees it, he´ll get angry.

i.        If you arrive early, you´ll get a good seat.

j.        I´d do it if I knew how.

2.      II CONDITIONAL: Can you remember these sentences?

a.      If I……………………….her number, I´d call her.

b.      She´d do it if she………………………..how.

c.       I wouldn´t do it if I ………………you.

d.      If we…………………in the country, we´d need a second car.

e.      If there………………..less cars on the road, there would be less pollution.

f.        You would meet more people if you ………………out more often.

g.      If you…………………harder, you´d get better results.

h.      If the weather ……………….good, we could go to the beach.

3.      FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL: Match the questions and answers.

If he gets here in time,	You´d be there before lunch.
If he got here in time,	You´ll like him.
If you see him,	You´d get out for a walk more often.
If you saw him,	You´ll be there for lunch.
If you go at ten,	You´ll use it all the time.
If you went before ten,	We can have a drink before the film.
If you buy it,	You´d like him.
If you bought it,	You´ll get out for a walk more often.
If you get a dog,	You´d use it all the time.
If you got a dog,	We could have a drink before the film

IT II/2DO CUAT/SISTEMAS/TN

FIRST CONDITIONAL PRACTICE: Complete the sentences

a.   If the seminar…………..(begin) at 9:00, we will be on time.
b.   If the customer…………..(call), I´ll tell her you´ll contact her first thing tomorrow.
c.    If you inform us of any problems by 10 am, we ……………..(fix) the same day.
d.   If you adopt this marketing strategy, your profits…………….(increase) dramatically.
e.   Your employees………….(learn) all they need to know about the program if you send them to this training session.
f.     If I………………(meet) the customer tomorrow, I………….(give)her your card.
g.   Your company…………(do) better financially if you…………..(produce) for the international market.
h.   If you ……….(think) positively, you…………..(succeed)

B) SECOND CONDITIONAL PRACTICE: Put the verb into the correct tense

1. If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________ (get) a new job. 

2. If he _________________ (be) younger, he _________________ (travel) 
more. 

3. If we _________________ (not / be) friends, I _________________ (be) 
angry with you. 

4. If I _________________ (have) enough money, I _________________ (buy) 
a big house.

5. If she _________________ (not / be) always so late, she _________________ 
(be) promoted. 

6. If we _________________ (win) the lottery, we _________________ (travel) 
the world. 

7. If you _________________ (have) a better job, we _________________ (be) 
able to buy a new car.

8. If I _________________ (speak) perfect English, I _________________ 
(have) a good job. 

9. If we _________________ (live) in Mexico, I _________________ (speak) 
Spanish. 

10. If she _________________ (pass) the exam, she _________________ (be) 
able to enter university. 

11. She _________________ (be) happier if she _________________ (have) 
more friends. 

12. We _________________ (buy) a house if we _________________ (decide) to 
stay here. 

13. They _________________ (have) more money if they _________________ 
(not / buy) so many clothes.

14. We _________________ (come) to dinner if we _________________ (have) 
time. 

15. She _________________ (call) him if she _________________ (know) his 
number. 

16. They _________________ (go) to Spain on holiday if they _______________ 
(like) hot weather. 

17. She _________________ (pass) the exam if she _________________ (study) 
more. 

18. I _________________ (marry) someone famous if I _________________ (be) 
a movie star. 

19. We never _________________ (be) late again if we _________________ 
(buy) a new car. 


20. You _________________ (lose) weight if you _________________ (eat) less.

C) ZERO CONDITIONAL PRACTICE: Match the beginnings of the sentences to the correct endings. 

1. If you mix black and white,                                                  a. it floats.

2. If you don't water flowers,                                                    b. it turns to ice. 

3. When you heat ice,                                                              c. you get dough. 

4. If you freeze water,                                                               d. it melts. 

5. When you tickle her,                                                             e. they die. 

6. If you mix flour and water,                                                     f. she laughs. 

7. When the teacher gives us homework, 

                                                                                                    g. you get grey. 
8. If you pour oil on water,

                                                                                                    h. she always does it.



Choose the best answer from the options below to complete the sentences:

Chocolate (1)__________ when you heat it. 
She hardly ever drinks alcohol so (2) __________ just one glass of wine, 
she gets drunk.
(3)__________ coffee, I always (4)__________ a cup. 
She's a really good friend, (5)__________ a problem, I (6)__________to 
her and she helps me solve it. 
If (7)__________ rainy and sunny at the same time, you sometimes 
(8)__________ a rainbow. 

Options:

(1) melting / melts / melt 
(2) if she drink / if she drank / if she drinks 
(3) When I smells / When I smell / When smell
(4) wanting / want / wants 
(5) if I have / if I will have / if I had
(6) talk / will talk / have talked
(7) it / is / it's 

(8) see / saw / seen 

WH-Question Making (IT II- RRHH)

A)Make questions for the part in bold:

1.     They do their homework at night.  

2.     Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.  

3.     The car is across the street from the house. 

4.     I like the red blouse, not the blue one.  

5.     She felt better after she took a nap. 

6.     That is an English book. 

7.     My sister called her boyfriend yesterday 

8.     She talked to him for an hour.  

9.     He studies piano at the university.

10. The party lasted all night.  

11. The check was for $5.50.  

12. She eats a sandwich.  

13. She is working hard.  

14. My parents have two cars. 

15. They are coming to visit tomorrow.

16. He is going to work right now.

17. The man with the white hat is my brother.

18. I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late. 

19. We have an English class every day.  

20. They like to dance on weekends.  

21. The club is not far from their house.  

22. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz.  

23. I didn’t bring my dictionary today.  

2       24. They are singing popular songs. …………………………………………….

       B. Make questions for the words in brackets

11. They study (English) every Tuesday morning. 
22. Romi goes to school (by bus).
33. The teacher explains the lesson (in front of the class). 
44. My brother does his homework (carefully).
55. My daughter washes her hair (twice a week).
66. John loves eating (pizza). 
77. Fenny invites (Bimo) to come to her birthday party.
88. Olga sings a song (beautifully).
99. Shanti gets up (at five).
110. Harry doesn't go to school (because he is sick).
111. Mother cooks (rice) in the kitchen.
112. Tommy rides his bike (very fast). 
113. Thalia (has breakfast) before going to school.
114. I gave (Mario) a birthday present.
115. Mario celebrates (his birthday) in September.
116. The students listen to (the teacher's explanation).
117. I like (the white T-shirt), not the red one.
118. Julia has (two brothers). 
119. The little boys play (hide and seek).
220. Sammy closes the windows (because it's going to rain).

Final del formulario

IT II/ SIST/2DO CUAT/TN

 Complete the sentences with Simple Past or Present Perfect:

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I.................(see, never)  that movie.

2. Sam................ (arrive)  in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I............. (know)  each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He................(write)  ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I................ (have, not)  this much fun since I........... (be)  a kid.

6. Things.............. (change)  a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first............. (start)  working here three years ago, the company..................... (have, only)  six employees. Since then, we............... (expand)  to include more than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I .............(tell)  him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he................ (wander)  off into the forest and.............(be)  bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you.............. (miss)  the bus this morning. You............... (be)  late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he...................... (see, never)  the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George...............(dream)  of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He..................(see, never) the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling ..................(become)  much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it............... (take)  two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip............. (be)  very rough and often dangerous. Things.............. (change)  a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you............ (change)  since the last time I ..........(see)  you. You............. (grow)  at least a foot!

13. This tree.............. (be)  planted by the settlers who............... (found)  our city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain ................(be, never)  climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers ...............(try)  to reach the top, but nobody.................. (succeed, ever) . The climb is extremely difficult and many people.............. (die)  trying to reach the summit.

15. I................ (visit, never)  Africa, but I............... (travel)  to South America several times. The last time I...................(go)  to South America, I................(visit)  Brazil and Peru. I..................... (spend)  two weeks in the Amazon, .................(hike)  for a week near Machu Picchu, and......... (fly)  over the Nazca Lines.

b. Complete the text with Present Perfect or Simple Past:

ince computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change)  a great deal. The first computers............ (be)  simple machines designed for basic tasks. They.............. (have, not)  much memory and they ............(be, not)  very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often............. (pay)  thousands of dollars for machines which actually.............. (do)  very little. Most computers............(be)  separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

Times............. (change) . Computers........... (become)  powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers.............(create)  a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games.............. (become)  faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users.......... (get, also)  on the Internet and..............(begin)  communicating with other computer users around the world. We............. (start)  to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past............. (evolve)  into an international World Wide Web of knowledge.

Simple Present-Simple Past Practice/Question Making

A. Complete with DO or DOES + verb

1).......  you  mineral water? (to drink)
2)...... Sarah and Linda  their pets? (to feed)
3)......  your teacher  your homework? (to check)
4)......  they  in the old house? (to live)
5)......  the cat  on the wall in the mornings? (to sit)
6)......  Nina  computer games? (to play)
7)......  your parents  TV in the afternoon? (to watch)
8)......  your grandmother  the phone? (to answer)
9)......  Andy  the shopping? (to do)
10).....  Garry and Ken  a cup of tea in the afternoon? (to have)

B.Fill in the blanks with do, does, is, are.


1. Where.....  you live?

2. How.....  you?

3. When.....  they come to school?

4. Where.....  she work?

5. Why..... Kim sad?

6. Who.....  your teacher?

7. What.....  their names?

8. Who.....  you sit with in class?

9. When.....  the boys go to sleep?

10. How.....  Tom like his new car? 

C. Simple Present Questions



D. SIMPLE PAST QUESTIONS: Make questions for the part in brackets using WHEN-HOW-WHO-WHAT-HOW OFTEN-WHICH and WHY.

a. They wanted to see (Fiona):
b. I got up at (7 o´clock):
c. She paid ($20):
d. We didn´t like the movie (because it was too long):
e. I liked (the red t-shirt), not the blue one:
f. We had (breaded meat and salad) for dinner.
g. We have (dictation) on Fridays:
h. Our meeting finished (late):
i. I ate (an apple pie):
j. Sarah played tennis last week:
k. They wrote (to Hellen):
l. I didn´t eat the chicken (because it was too spicy):

E.Put in the correct verb forms and the nouns into the gaps. Use Simple Past.

Example: ____________ their friends? (they/to meet)

Answer: Did they meet their friends?
1)  after the cat? (the dog/to run)
2)  photos when you were on holiday? (you/to take)
3)  to music yesterday evening? (Steven/to listen)
4)  a cup of tea in the café? (the ladies/to have)
5)  text messages during the French lesson? (Nancy/to send)
6)  pullovers last Friday? (Melissa and Ruth/to wear)
7)  hello to people in the street? (your brother/to say)
8)  the windows in your classroom? (the teacher/to open)
9)  chess two weeks ago? (the girls in your class/to play)
10)  breakfast last morning? (your mother/to make)

Simple Past vs. Past Continuous (OXFORD HIGH SCHOOL)

A.Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past progressive).

1. While I (do) the washing-up, I (break) a plate.
2. While Tom (play) the piano, his mother (do) the washing-up.
3. He (drink) some juice and then he (eat) a few chips.
4. I (have) dinner when I suddenly (hear) a loud bang.
5. When my father (work) in the garden, an old friend (pass) by to see him.
6. She (go) to school, (take) out her textbook and (begin) to learn.
7. As soon as it (start) to rain, our dog (want) to come inside.
8. While Jane (do) a language course in Ireland, she (visit) Blarney Castle.
9. When I (be) on my way home, I (see) an accident.
10. I (not / understand) what they (talk) about. 

B.Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).

1. When I (get) up yesterday, the sun (shine) .
2. It (is) a beautiful morning.
3. So I (decide) to cycle around a little.
4. I (go) to the shed and (take) out my bike.
5. While I (cycle) past some villages, I (see) some people in their gardens.
6. One man (mow) the grass while his wife (pick) strawberries.
7. After one hour of cycling in sunshine, a big fat raincloud suddenly (appear) and it (start) to rain.
8. Luckily, a farmer (notice) me and (tell) me to come in.
9. While it (rain) outside, I (sit) in the farmer's house.
10. After a while, the sun (come) out again.
11. I (thank) the farmer for his hospitality and (move) on. 

C. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).

1. A: »What (do / you) yesterday at 8 pm?«
2. B: »I (sit) in the pub with Sam. Why?«
3. A: »I (drive) to the sports centre at that time to play squash with a few friends. As we (be) only three players, I (try) to ring you to ask if you would like to come as well. But I (reach / not) you at home.«
4. B: »Why (ring / not / you) my mobile?«
5. A: »I actually (want) to ring your mobile, but by accident I (dial) William's number. He (do / not) anything special at that moment and really (like) the idea of playing squash with us.

Simple Present vs Present Continuous (OXFORD HIGH SCHOOL)

a.Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present and Present Progressive.

1. James (live) in a little village.
2. He (be) in his last year at school.
3. After school, James (want) to become a banker.
4. So this week, he (do) a practical course in a bank.
5. There (be) a bank in a nearby town, but James (have) to take the bus to get there.
6. The bus (leave) at 5.30 in the morning and (return) at 8.15 in the evening.
7. James (not / like) to spend so much time in town before and after work, waiting for the bus.
8. Therefore, this week he (stay) with his aunt, who (live) in town.
9. James usually (wear) jeans and t-shirts, but while he (work) for the bank now, he (wear) a suit and a tie. 

b.Complete the story. Use Simple Present and Present Progressive.

1. Today (be) Betty's birthday.
2. Betty (love) birthdays.
3. She (be) always very excited and (wake up) very early.
4. At six o'clock in the morning, Betty (hear) a noise.
5. She (get up) and (go) into the sitting room.
6. What (go on) ?
7. Look! Betty's cat Carlos (sit) on the table and he (play) with Betty's present. 

c. Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present and Present Progressive.

1. Sue (be) a student from South Korea.
2. She (live) in Seoul and (study) medicine.
3. At the moment, however, Sue (live) in London.
4. She (do) a six-months practical course in a London hospital.
5. In five days, Sue (go) back to South Korea because the next term at university (start) in ten days.

d.Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present and Present Progressive.

1. Mary and Joe (be) in a clothes shop at the moment.
2. They (look) at some jeans.
3. Joe only (have) one very old pair of jeans.
4. So he (want) to buy a new pair of jeans now.
5. Right now, he (try on) a pair of blue jeans.
6. These jeans (fit) very well, he (say) .
7. Ba.ut they (not suit) you, Mary (reply) . Try on another pair.'
8. What (think / you) ? he (ask) Mary, when has tried on another pair.
9. Great! How much (cost / they) ?