II Cuat/Sistemas/TM/THE PAST PERFECT

1. Complete the following text with simple past or past perfect.

I can't believe I........... (get) that apartment. I...... (submit) my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I......... (show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who............ (arrive) before me. Most of them......... (fill, already) out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I......... (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I....... (have) some problems with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I.......... (end) up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he........ (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my father..........(go) to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he....... (look) at my credit report. I really lucked out!


2. Complete the following sentences with simple past, present perfect or past perfect.

1. When I.... (arrive) home last night, I discovered that Jane......... (prepare) a beautiful candlelight dinner.

2. Since I began acting, I............ (perform) in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I.......... (speak, never even) publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985.

3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting.......... (begin, already) without me. My boss.......... (be) furious with me and I........... (be) fired.

4. When I........ (turn) the radio on yesterday, I..........(hear) a song that was popular when I was in high school. I............ (hear, not) the song in years, and it........... (bring) back some great memories.

5. Last week, I .........(run) into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We.......... (see, not) each other in years, and both of us .......(change) a great deal. I.......... (enjoy) talking to her so much that I........ (ask) her out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner.

6. When Jack.......... (enter) the room, I........... (recognize, not) him because he ...........(lose) so much weight and...... (grow) a beard. He looked totally different!

7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture......... (disappear, virtually) by the time Europeans first .............(arrive) in the New World.

8. I.......... (visit) so many beautiful places since I....... (come) to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear, never) of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands.

Sistemas 1er/2do cuat (TM-TN)/4to B TM

Complete with the verbs in brackets using simple present or present continuous


1. Every Monday, Sally .......(drive) her kids to football practice.

2. Usually, I......... (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I........ (study) French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John........ (sleep) .

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It........ (rain) .

5. I hate living in Seattle because it........ (rain, always) .

6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you...... (say) because everybody....... (talk) so loudly.

7. Justin....... (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.

8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I....... (go) to a movie tonight with some friends.

9. The business cards .........(be, normally ) printed by a company in New York. Their prices (.........be) inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.

10. This delicious chocolate......... (be) made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.

Complete with the verbs in brackets with the simple present or the present continuous

A Trekking Journal

November 12, 1997

Today...... (be) the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted and my legs .........(shake) ; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet......... (kill, really) me and my toes......... (bleed) , but I .........(want, still) to continue.

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything........ (be) so different, and I......... (try) to adapt to the new way of life here. I...... (learn) a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I....... (learn, not) foreign languages quickly. Although I ........(understand, not) much yet, I believe that I....... (improve, gradually) .

I ..........(travel, currently) with Liam, a student from Leeds University in England. He......... (be) a nice guy, but impatient. He ..........(walk, always) ahead of me and (complain) that I am too slow. I ............(do) my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old.

Right now, Liam ..........(sit) with the owner of the inn. They ..........(discuss) the differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I........ (know, not) the real name of the owner, but everybody (call, just) him Tam. Tam ...........(speak) English very well and he.......... (try) to teach Liam some words in Nepali. Every time Tam (say) a new word, Liam .......(try) to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam........... (seem, also) to have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we don't get lost and have to ask for directions.

II cuat. Sistemas/TN.TM/4TO B

EXERCISE
Join the following pairs of sentences using a relative pronoun (who, which, when, where etc).There are defining and non-defining relative clauses.
relative sentences.
1.

She showed me a photograph of her son. Her son is a policeman.
2. The new stadium will be opened next month. The stadium holds
90,000 people.
3. John is one of my closest friends. I have known John for eight years
4. The boy is one of my closest friends. He is waiting for me.
5. Thank you for your letter. I was very happy to get your letter.
6. The letter is in the drawer. Peter has sent the letter to you.
7. Next week-end I’m going to Glasgow. My sister lives in Glasgow.
8. Next summer we are visiting the town. My father was born in this
town.
9. The storm caused a lot of damage. Nobody had been expecting
the storm.
10. That man over there is an artist. I don’t remember his name.
11. Mr Yates is retiring next month. He has worked for the same
company all his life.
12. My sister is visiting us next week. You once met her.
13. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him last night.
14. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy. I’m very interested
in astronomy.
15. The man is in prison. Janet fell in love with this man.
16. Mr Roberts is in prison. Janet fell in love with him.

Simple Past or Present Perfect? (2do cuat. Sistemas)

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use Simple Past or Present Perfect.

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I............. (see, never) that movie.

2. Sam ............(arrive)in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I .............(know) each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He................(write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I .............(have, not) this much fun since I........... (be) a kid.

6. Things.................. (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first .................(start) working here three years ago, the company..................... (have, only) six employees. Since then, we........... (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers.

7. I ..............(tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he.............. (wander) off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you..............(miss) the bus this morning. You.............. (be) late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he................ (see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

10. How sad! George ..........(dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He........... (see, never) the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling............ (become) much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it............ (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip.......... (be) very rough and often dangerous. Things............ (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you.......... (change) since the last time I ..........(see) you. You........... (grow) at least a foot!

13. This tree........ (be) planted by the settlers who........... (found) our city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain .........(be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers........... (try) to reach the top, but nobody............ (succeed, ever) . The climb is extremely difficult and many people ..........(die)trying to reach the summit.

15. I (...............visit, never) Africa, but I ...............(travel) to South America several times. The last time I ..............(go) to South America, I ..................(visit) Brazil and Peru. I................ (spend) two weeks in the Amazon,................ (hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and................ (fly) over the Nazca Lines.

Exercise on first and second conditional (2do cuat/sistemas)

First CONDITIONAL

1.If you (send) this letter now, she (receive) it tomorrow.
2.If I (do) this test, I (improve) my English.
3.If I (find) your ring, I (give) it back to you.
4.Peggy (go) shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon.
5.Simon (go) to London next week if he (get) a cheap flight.
6.If her boyfriend (phone / not) today, she (leave) him.
7.If they (study / not) harder, they (pass / not) the exam.
8.If it (rain) tomorrow, I (have to / not) water the plants.
9.You (be able/ not) to sleep if you (watch) this scary film.
10.Susan (can / move / not) into the new house if it (be / not) ready on time.


Second CONDITIONAL

1. If we (have) a yacht, we (sail) the seven seas.
2. If he (have) more time, he (learn) karate.
3. If they (tell) their father, he (be) very angry.
4. She (spend) a year in the USA if it (be) easier to get a green card.
5. If I (live) on a lonely island, I (run) around naked all day.
6. We (help) you if we (know) how.
7. My brother (buy) a sports car if he (have) the money.
8. If I (feel) better, I (go) to the cinema with you.
9. If you (go) by bike more often, you (be / not) so flabby.
10. She (not / talk) to you if she (be) mad at you.

Practice on conditionals (2do cuat/sistemas)

1. TITLE: PLACE THE SENTENCES UNDER THE CORRECT HEADING

ZERO CONDITIONAL FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL



a. He would be angry if he found out.
b. We´ll miss the train if we don´t hurry.
c. If you go the shops, get me some coffee.
d. It would cost less if you took the train.
e. When he gets angry, he never says sorry.
f. If it gets warm, it melts.
g. We´d buy it if we had enough money.
h. If he sees it, he´ll get angry.
i. If you arrive early, you´ll get a good seat.
j. I´d do it if I knew how.

2. II CONDITIONAL: Can you remember these sentences? Complete with only one word

a. If I……………………….her number, I´d call her.
b. She´d do it if she………………………..how.
c. I wouldn´t do it if I ………………you.
d. If we…………………in the country, we´d need a second car.
e. If there………………..less cars on the road, there would be less pollution.
f. You would meet more people if you ………………out more often.
g. If you…………………harder, you´d get better results.
h. If the weather ……………….good, we could go to the beach.


3. FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL: Match

If he gets here in time # You´d be there before lunch.

If he got here in time# You´ll like him.

If you see him# You´d get out for a walk more often.

If you saw him# You´ll be there for lunch.

If you go at ten# You´ll use it all the time.

If you went before ten# We can have a drink before the film.

If you buy it# You´d like him.

If you bought it# You´ll get out for a walk more often.

If you get a dog# You´d use it all the time.

If you got a dog# We could have a drink before the film

4. COMPLETE WITH YOUR OWN IDEAS


a. I wouldn´t want to be a teacher if ……………………………………………………………………
b. If it rains this evening, ……………………………………………………………………………………..
c. If I were you, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. You won´t earn a fine report card if …………………………………………………………………
e. I´m not very good at ……………………………………………………………………………………….
f. We ´re all interested in……………………………………………………………………………………
g. I can´t stand……………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. I don´t mind……………………………………………………………………………………………………
i. None of us like ………………………………………………………………………………………………

KILL TO EAT (4TH YEAR-LITERATURE)

"Kill to Eat”

My father worked for the Government as a
ganger of an Aboriginal workforce that helped
to build roads, load and unload the supply ships,
and carry out all the menial tasks around the
island. For this work he received a small wage
and rations to feed his seven children. (I was the
third-eldest daughter.) We hated the white man’s
rations—besides, they were so meagre1 that even
a bandicoot2 would have had difficulty existing
on them. They used to include meat, rice, sago,3
tapioca,4 and on special occasions, such as the
Queen’s Birthday festival, one plum pudding.
Of course, we never depended upon the rations
to keep ourselves alive. Dad taught us how to
catch our food Aboriginal style, using discarded
materials from the white man’s rubbish dumps.
We each had our own slingshots to bring down
the blueys and greenies—the parrots and lorikeets5
that haunted the flowering gums. . . .
One rule he told us we must strictly obey. When
we went hunting, we must understand that our
weapons were to be used only for the gathering
of food. We must never use them for the sake of
killing. This is, in fact, one of the strictest laws
of the Aborigine, and no excuse is accepted for
abusing it.
One day we five older children, two boys and
three girls, decided to follow the noise of the
blueys and greenies screeching from the flowering
gums.6 We armed ourselves with our slingshots
and made our way towards the trees.
My sisters and I always shot at our quarry
from the ground. The boys would climb onto the
branches of the gum trees, stand quite still, and
pick out the choicest and healthiest birds in the
flock. My elder brother was by far the best shot
of all of us. He was always boasting about it,
too. But never in front of our mother and father,
because he would have been punished for his
vanity. He only boasted in front of us, knowing that
we wouldn’t complain about him to our parents.
The boys ordered us to take up our positions
under the trees as quietly as possible. “Don’t
make so much noise!” they told us. In spite of
the disgust we felt for our boastful brother, we
always let him start the shooting. He was a dead
shot, and we all knew it. Now we watched as
he drew a bead on the large bluey straight across
from him. The bird seemed intent on its honey
gathering from the gum tree. We held our breath,
and our brother fired.
Suddenly there was a screeching from the
birds and away they flew, leaving my brother as
astonished as we were ourselves. He had been so
close to his victim that it seemed impossible he
should have missed . . . but he had. We looked
at him, and his face of blank disbelief was just
too much for us. We roared with laughter. My
other brother jumped to the ground and rolled
over and over, laughing his head off. But the
more we laughed, the angrier my elder brother
became.
Then, seeming to join in the fun, a kookaburra7
in a nearby tree started his raucous8 chuckle,
which rose to full pitch just as though he, too,
saw the joke.
In anger my elder brother brought up his
slingshot and fired blindly at the sound. “Laugh
at me, would you!” he called out. He hadn’t even
taken time to aim.
Our laughter was cut short by the fall of the
kookaburra to the ground. My brother, horrified,
his anger gone, climbed down and we gathered
silently around the stricken bird. That wild aim
had broken the bird’s wing beyond repair. We
looked at each other in frightened silence,
knowing full well what we had done. We had
broken that strict rule of the Aboriginal law. We
had killed for the sake of killing, and we had
destroyed a bird we were forbidden to destroy.
The Aborigine does not eat the kookaburra. His
merry laughter is allowed to go unchecked, for
he brings happiness to the tribes. We call him our
brother and friend.
We did not see our father coming towards us.
He must have been looking for firewood. When
he came upon us, we parted to allow him to see
what had happened. He checked his anger by

remaining silent and picking up a fallen branch.
Mercifully he put the stricken bird out of its
misery. Then he ordered us home. . . .
Father spoke for the first time since we had
killed the kookaburra. He asked for no excuses
for what we had done, and we did not offer any.
We must all take the blame. That is the way of
the Aborigine. Since we had killed for the sake of
killing, the punishment was that for three months
we should not hunt or use our weapons. For
three months we would eat only the white man’s
hated rations.
During those three months our stomachs
growled, and our puzzled dog would question
with his eyes and wagging tail why we sat around
wasting our time when there was hunting to
be done.
It happened a long time ago. Yet in my dreams,
the sad, suffering eyes of the kookaburra, our
brother and friend, still haunt me.

1 lacking in quality or quantity,
scanty
2small marsupial that eats insects
and plants
3starchy food from the sago palm
4thickener, often prepared as
pudding
5small Australian parrot
6tree that yields gum
7brownish kingfisher bird whose
call sounds like laughter